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Chair: Liang Feng
Guest: General Shi Junmei, Research Institute of Equipment, Dr. Shi Linwu
On October 15, the 30th annual meeting of the National Assembly was held in Wuxi. During the event, General Shi Junmei from the Post-Army Equipment Institute and Dr. Shi Linwu discussed the development of flame-retardant fabrics, which has sparked interest among many wool textile enterprises.
According to reports from interviews, flame-retardant fibers both domestically and internationally are expensive, especially high-end varieties. Low-end options often lack strength or may even release toxic smoke. While hot-melt fiber treatments can provide flame resistance, they still face issues like droplet formation. This makes high-end flame-retardant fabrics difficult to promote due to their high cost, while low-end products fail to offer sufficient protection.
In response, there is growing demand for high-performance, low-cost flame-retardant fibers. Combining multiple fibers to create synergistic effects offers a promising path toward achieving both performance and affordability. Additionally, traditional flame-retardant fabrics often feel stiff and unattractive, making them unsuitable for middle management or blue-collar workers who require more stylish and comfortable options.
Wool fiber is one of the most non-combustible natural fibers. Mixing it with other fibers can enhance flame resistance, improve fabric texture, and reduce overall costs. Internationally, there is a clear demand for such products, and the domestic market is also showing growth.
In this context, the reporter engaged in a dialogue with Dr. Shi Linwu on the topic of hair-type flame-retardant fabrics—balancing function and comfort.
**Moderator:** In today’s society, where the value of life is highly respected, people strive to minimize disasters. Fires can claim many lives, prompting countries to establish flame-retardant and safety standards. Currently, cotton-based fabrics dominate the flame-retardant fabric market. What do you think is the market potential and unique selling points of hair-type flame-retardant fabrics compared to cotton-based ones?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** Flame-retardant fabrics can be broadly categorized into two types: those treated with flame-retardant finishes and those made from flame-retardant fibers. Some fabrics combine both, but this is usually unnecessary and can lead to waste or damage. Finishing-treated fabrics often have limited washability, poor touch, and lower strength, especially tear resistance, making them unsuitable for high-end use.
Cotton and polyester-cotton fabrics have mature processing technologies and lower costs, so flame-retardant cotton remains the mainstream. However, in some high-end applications—such as protective clothing—flame-retardant fibers are essential. Blending wool with these fibers can improve comfort, appearance, and flame resistance, offering a more premium product.
**Moderator:** Besides wool, what other fibers are needed to make flame-retardant fabrics that are both comfortable and safe?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** The blend ratio depends on the desired flame-retardant index, price, and performance. Typically, the first category includes flame-retardant fibers like meta-aramid, polysulfonamide, or poly-aryloxadiazole (POT). These provide strong flame resistance at a reasonable cost. The second category involves cheaper fibers like flame-retardant viscose or high-strength vinylon to improve comfort and strength.
Using 20–30% wool can maintain good flame resistance while enhancing the fabric's softness and appearance. Experiments show that even 25% untreated wool can achieve zero burning and smoldering time when combined with other fibers. Different flame-retardant mechanisms work together to enhance performance while keeping costs low.
**Moderator:** How is wool blended with flame-retardant fibers to create an effective fabric?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** Wool and other fibers can be blended using standard spinning techniques like ring spinning or compact spinning. The key lies in the synergy of different flame-retardant mechanisms. Some fibers release non-flammable gases, others insulate or inhibit combustion, and some form a carbonized layer. When these mechanisms work together, even a small percentage of wool can significantly improve flame resistance.
**Moderator:** What wool proportion is needed to achieve ideal flame-retardant performance?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** For general textiles, wool is more expensive than flame-retardant fibers. But in flame-retardant applications, high-performance fibers are far pricier. Using around 30% wool can give a premium feel without sacrificing flame resistance. For higher security needs, 20% wool may suffice.
**Moderator:** What standards must fire-retardant fabrics meet to be considered valid in domestic and international markets?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** In China, GB/T standards define requirements for various fabrics, including decorative textiles, vehicle interiors, and protective clothing. Protective clothing must not burn or smolder for more than 5 seconds, with damage under 15 cm. Higher grades like A-level require less than 2 seconds of burning and damage under 5 cm.
Foreign standards are often stricter and tailored to specific usage scenarios. However, the basic flame-retardant requirements are similar.
**Moderator:** How does the cost change when producing wool flame-retardant fabrics?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** Replacing some high-cost flame-retardant fibers with wool can save up to 15,000 yuan per ton. For example, substituting 20% wool for meta-aramid or flame-retardant viscose can significantly reduce costs while maintaining performance. The exact formula depends on the user’s specific needs.