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**Chair: Liang Feng**
**Guest: General Shi Junmei, Research Institute of Equipment; Dr. Shi Linwu**
On October 15, the 30th annual meeting of the National Assembly was held in Wuxi, where Dr. Shi Linwu from the General Post-Army Equipment Institute discussed the development of flame-retardant fabrics, sparking interest among many wool textile enterprises. During an interview, it was revealed that flame-retardant fibers—both domestically and internationally—are often expensive, especially high-end varieties, while low-end ones are weak in performance or even emit toxic smoke when burned. Although hot-melt fiber flame-retardant treatments can be effective, issues like dripping remain, making high-end flame-retardant fabrics difficult to promote due to their high cost, while low-end products fail to meet safety expectations.
In response, there is a growing demand for high-performance, low-cost flame-retardant fibers. One approach is to use a multi-fiber blend strategy, combining different materials to create synergistic effects, which can lead to better performance at a more affordable price. Additionally, traditional flame-retardant fabrics tend to feel stiff and unattractive, limiting their appeal to middle- and upper-level workers who require both comfort and style.
Wool, as one of the most non-flammable natural fibers, offers an ideal solution. By blending a portion of wool with other fibers, manufacturers can achieve good flame-retardant properties, improve fabric softness, and reduce overall costs. This type of fabric has market potential both abroad and in the growing domestic sector.
In this context, the reporter engaged in a dialogue with Dr. Shi Linwu on the topic of hair-type flame-retardant fabrics—balancing function and comfort.
**Moderator:** In today’s society, where the value of life is highly respected, people strive to prevent disasters. Fires can cause tragic losses, so countries have established various flame-retardant and safety standards. Flame-retardant fabrics are mainly cotton-based. What is the market potential of hair-type flame-retardant fabrics compared to cotton-based ones, and what are their unique selling points?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** Flame-retardant fabrics fall into two main categories: those treated with flame-retardant finishes and those made from flame-retardant fibers. The latter is typically used for high-end applications where durability, appearance, and comfort are important. For example, in protective clothing, flame-retardant fibers combined with wool can enhance both performance and aesthetics. Wool itself is not easily flammable, has good moisture absorption, and provides a comfortable feel, making it ideal for improving the quality of flame-retardant fabrics.
**Moderator:** Besides wool, what other fibers are needed to make flame-retardant fabrics that are both comfortable and effective? How are they blended?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** The blend depends on the desired flame-retardant properties, cost, and end-use. Typically, the first category includes fibers like meta-aramid, polysulfonamide, and poly-aryloxadiazole (PBO), which offer excellent flame resistance. These are often paired with cheaper fibers like flame-retardant viscose or high-strength vinylon to improve strength and reduce costs. A blend of 20%–30% wool can maintain good flame resistance while enhancing comfort. Experiments show that even 25% untreated wool can significantly reduce burning time, thanks to the synergy between different flame-retardant mechanisms.
**Moderator:** What proportion of wool is needed to achieve an ideal flame-retardant effect?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** While wool is more expensive than some flame-retardant fibers, using it strategically can lower overall costs. For high-end applications, 30% wool can provide a premium feel and good flame resistance. For more security-focused uses, 20% wool may suffice. The key is to balance performance and cost effectively.
**Moderator:** What standards must flame-retardant fabrics meet to be considered safe?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** In China, GB/T standards apply, with specific requirements for protective clothing, such as limited burn time and no melting or dripping. The GB8965.1-2009 standard classifies flame-retardant fabrics into three levels based on performance. Internationally, standards vary but generally follow similar principles. High-end products often meet stricter criteria, but the goal is to achieve safety at a reasonable cost.
**Moderator:** How does the cost change when producing wool-based flame-retardant fabrics?
**Dr. Shi Linwu:** Using wool can significantly reduce costs. For example, replacing 20% of expensive meta-aramid with wool can save over 15,000 yuan per ton. Blending flame-retardant viscose with wool also helps cut costs without compromising performance. The exact formula depends on the application and required specifications.
Overall, integrating wool into flame-retardant fabrics presents a promising path toward safer, more comfortable, and cost-effective solutions for both industrial and consumer markets.