Diamond, mineralized as diamond, is the only crystal of the known treasure ore that consists of a single carbon element. In the elemental sense, diamonds and pencil lead are “family”, but the difference in crystal structure makes them different.

Westerners have long regarded diamonds as treasures and endowed them with various symbols: wealth, rights, status, purity and so on. But for a long time in our history, the only use of diamonds was to engrave jade. In the pre-Qin classics, "The Book of Songs" said that "the stone of his mountain can attack jade", the so-called "stone of other mountains" refers to some mineral crystals with hardness higher than jade, which can be used for jade, which may include diamonds. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a document clearly documenting "diamond": "Xian Ning three years, Dunhuang sent King Kong, in the gold, the hundred Tao can not eliminate, you can cut the jade, out of the sky." "Today out of the diamond, stone is like gold, with brilliance It can be carved into jade, and the foreigners bring the clouds to evil." It can be seen that this exotic product has attracted people's attention mainly due to its outstanding hardness.

钻石

After the popularization of ceramics, diamonds gradually have the second largest use in ancient China: porcelain. Porcelain, also known as the enamel process, is the use of diamond drills and dowels to "stitch" broken porcelain. The nail-shaped staple is a flat concave metal piece; the diamond drill is a stick-shaped tool with a diamond at the top and a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, which is slightly larger than the needle tip of a typical sewing needle. Drill holes in the ceramic piece with diamond diamonds, and then nail the ends of the nail into the holes to connect the broken ceramic pieces along the lines. As the saying goes, "There is no diamond, no porcelain," it shows the importance of diamond for the enamel process. The source of the enamel process has been untestable, but in the famous painting of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan's famous painting "The Riverside Scene in Qingming" has already been scened by the craftsmen. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" described diamonds as "gold diamonds, which can be used to drill jade, so it is said to be drilled", "for 钗 钗 佩 , , , , , , , 辟 辟 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; It is shaped like a rat feces, and its color is black and black. It is born on the rock in the western waters of Baizhang. The natives have no water to get it, and they are so strong that they can’t break, but they are broken by the antelope horn.” The so-called "breaking with antelope horns" reflects the poor toughness of diamonds, at least more fragile than jade and nephrite. Perhaps this is one of the reasons why the ancients rarely used it as a jewelry. Think of "Dream of Red Mansions" Baoyu’s Tongling Baoyu was smashed, and if it was replaced by “Tong Ling Bao Drill”, I’m afraid I wouldn’t know how to break it into pieces. In short, in the history of China, diamonds have been used for a long time to make porcelain and chiseling holes. The decorative effect has always been second to none, until the royal family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had a greater demand.

Today, the latest use of diamonds is impressive: as a spin carrier material for solid-state quantum computing. This time, the use of diamonds: most natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds contain nitrogen atoms and vacancies (ie, the absence of carbon atoms), using the nitrogen-vacancy center in the diamond as a quantum probe, which can be used in nanometers. A very weak magnetic signal is perceived within the distance of the stage. Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China have experimented with placing a single protein molecule with a marker on the surface of a diamond, and using the nitrogen-vacancy center in the diamond, successfully obtained the spin of a single protein molecule for the first time at room temperature atmospheric conditions. Resonance spectrum.

This achievement is expected to help people explore the mechanisms of life and material science from the level of single molecules, and has far-reaching significance for many subject areas such as physics, biology, chemistry, and materials. Maybe one day in the future, people will need a diamond to explore the source of the disease.

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